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In medicine, a chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are among the most common films taken, being diagnostic of many conditions. Like all methods of radiography, chest radiography employs ionizing radiation in the form of X-rays to generate images of the chest. The mean radiation dose to an adult from a chest radiograph is around 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) for a front view (PA or posterior-anterior) and 0.08 mSv (8 mrem) for a side view (LL or latero-lateral).〔Fred A. Mettler, Walter Huda, Terry T. Yoshizumi, Mahadevappa Mahesh: "Effective Doses in Radiology and Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine: A Catalog" - Radiology 2008;248:254–263〕 ==Problems identified== Chest radiographs are used to diagnose many conditions involving the chest wall, including its bones, and also structures contained within the thoracic cavity including the lungs, heart, and great vessels. Pneumonia and congestive heart failure are very commonly diagnosed by chest radiograph. Chest radiographs are used to screen for job-related lung disease in industries such as mining where workers are exposed to dust.〔(Using Digital Chest Images to Monitor the Health of Coal Miners and Other Workers ). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.〕 For some conditions of the chest, radiography is good for screening but poor for diagnosis. When a condition is suspected based on chest radiography, additional imaging of the chest can be obtained to definitively diagnose the condition or to provide evidence in favor of the diagnosis suggested by initial chest radiography. Unless a fractured rib is suspected of being displaced, and therefore likely to cause damage to the lungs and other tissue structures, x-ray of the chest is not necessary as it will not alter patient management. The main regions where a chest X-ray may identify problems may be summarized as ''ABCDEF'' by their first letters:〔(medicalmnemonics.com > Chest X-ray interpretation ) 2002〕 *Airways, including hilar adenopathy or enlargement *Breast shadows *Bones, e.g. rib fractures and lytic bone lesions *Cardiac silhoutte, detecting cardiac enlargement *Costophrenic angles, including pleural effusions *Diaphragm, e.g. evidence of free air, indicative of perforation of an abdominal viscus *Edges, e.g. apices for fibrosis, pneumothorax, pleural thickening or plaques *Extrathoracic tissues *Fields (lung parenchyma), being evidence of alveolar flooding *Failure, e.g. alveolar air space disease with prominent vascularity with or without pleural effusions 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chest radiograph」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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